| Source: | Semisynthetic,
using an analogous compound obtained from Fusarium sp. |
| Synonyms | Vomitoxin, deoxynivalenol, DON,
12,13-Epoxy-3-alpha,7-alpha,15-trihydroxy-9-trichothecen-8-one,
4-Deoxynivalenol, 4-Desoxynivalenol, Dehydronivalenol, Rd toxin |
| Description: | Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) is a type B trichothecene. Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON ) occurs in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and maize, rice, sorghum. Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) is produced by numerous strains of Fusarium and some other fungi. Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) poisonings occur both in humans and farm animals.
Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON ) is highly toxic, producing a wide range of immunological disturbances and is particularly noted for inducing feed refusal and emesis in pigs, hence the alternative name vomitoxin
Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON ) usually co-occurs with other Fusarium toxins, such as
Zearalenone, Nivalenol and its derivates, as well as the group of fumonisins. |
| CAS number: | 51481-10-8 |
| Merck index: | 13,10092 |
| Molecular weight: | 296.3 |
| Structure: | 
 |
| Molecular Formula: | C15H20O6 |
Solubility
information: | Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON ) is soluble in common polar organic solvents as acetonitrile, methanol and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in water. |
| Specifications | |
| Appearance: | White crystalline solid. |
| Purity: | At least 98% by TLC |
λmax: | |
| Melting point | 151-153°C |
| Solubility | |
| Storage | Store as supplied, at 4°C.
Acetonitrile solution of DON has been reported stable for 24 month at room temperature. (Widestrand J.; Pettersson H., Food Addit Contam. 2001 Nov;18(11):987-92), |
| Applications | The main toxic effect of Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON ) is inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the ribosome. |
| Warnings |
 Very
toxic
Toxic mycotoxin. LD50 = 46 mg/kg (oral, mice). DON has not been reported as having carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic properties. |
| Classification | trichothecene
mycotoxin |
| Related products |
Zearalenone Fumonisin_B1
DON
3-acetyl-DON
|
| | For Research use only. Not for Human or Drug use
GMP/API grade available on request
No genetically modified organisms are used. |
| Publications | |
| | Pestka J, Zhou HR.
Toll-Like Receptor Priming Sensitizes Macrophages to Proinflammatory Cytokine Gene Induction by Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) and Other Toxicants.
Toxicol Sci. 2006 May 9 |
| | Quarta A, Mita G, Haidukowski M, Logrieco A, Mule G, Visconti A.
Multiplex PCR assay for the identification of nivalenol, 3- and 15-acetyl- Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (15A DON) chemotypes in Fusarium.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 Jun;259(1):7-13. |
| | Hajjaji A, El Otmani M, Bouya D, Bouseta A, Mathieu F, Collin S, Lebrihi A.
Occurrence of mycotoxins: ochratoxin A, Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) and toxigenic fungi in Moroccan wheat grains: impact of ecological factors on the growth and ochratoxin A production.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 May 5 |
| | Ngundi MM, Qadri SA, Wallace EV, Moore MH, Lassman ME, Shriver-Lake LC, Ligler FS, Taitt CR.
Detection of Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) in foods and indoor air using an array biosensor.
Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Apr 1;40(7):2352-6. |
| | Ponts N, Pinson-Gadais L, Verdal-Bonnin MN, Barreau C, Richard-Forget F.
Accumulation of Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) and its 15-acetylated form is significantly modulated by oxidative stress in liquid cultures of Fusarium graminearum.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 May;258(1):102-7 |
| | Sugita-Konsihi Y, Tanaka T, Tabata S, Nakajima M, Nouno M, Nakaie Y, Chonan T, Aoyagi M, Kibune N, Mizuno K, Ishikuro E, Kanamaru N, Minamisawa M, Aita N, Kushiro M, Tanaka K, Takatori K.
Validation of an HPLC analytical method coupled to a multifunctional clean-up column for the determination of Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) .
Mycopathologia. 2006 Apr;161(4):239-43 |
| | Bretz M, Beyer M, Cramer B, Humpf HU.
Stable isotope dilution analysis of the Fusarium mycotoxins Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) and 3-acetylVomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) .
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 Mar;50(3):251-60 |
| | Cetin Y, Bullerman LB.
Confirmation of reduced toxicity of Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) in extrusion-processed corn grits by the MTT bioassay.
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Mar 8;54(5):1949-55. |
| | Goyarts T, Danicke S, Tiemann U, Rothkotter HJ.
Effect of the Fusarium toxin Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) on IgA, IgM and IgG concentrations and proliferation of porcine blood lymphocytes.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2006 Feb 8 |
| | Lemmens M, Scholz U, Berthiller F, Dall'Asta C, Koutnik A, Schuhmacher R, Adam G, Buerstmayr H, Mesterhazy A, Krska R, Ruckenbauer P.
The ability to detoxify the mycotoxin Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) colocalizes with a major quantitative trait locus for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 Dec;18(12):1318-24 |
| | Sergent T, Parys M, Garsou S, Pussemier L, Schneider YJ, Larondelle Y.
Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) transport across human intestinal Caco-2 cells and its effects on cellular metabolism at realistic intestinal concentrations.
Toxicol Lett. 2006 Jul 1;164(2):167-76. |
| | Jia Q, Zhou HR, Shi Y, Pestka JJ.
Docosahexaenoic acid consumption inhibits Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) -induced CREB/ATF1 activation and IL-6 gene transcription in mouse macrophages.
J Nutr. 2006 Feb;136(2):366-72. |
| | Awad WA, Bohm J, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Zentek J.
Effects of feeding Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON) contaminated wheat on growth performance, organ weights and histological parameters of the intestine of broiler chickens.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2006 Feb;90(1-2):32-7. |
| | Gouze ME, Laffitte J, Dedieu G, Galinier A, Thouvenot JP, Oswald IP, Galtier P.
Individual and combined effects of low oral doses of Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) (DON)and nivalenol in mice.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2005 Nov 4;51 Suppl:OL809-17 | |
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