Venkatesh PK, Vairamuthu S, Balachandran C, Manohar BM, Raj GD.
Induction of apoptosis by fungal culture materials containing
cyclopiazonic acid and T-2 toxin in primary lymphoid organs of
broiler chickens.
Mycopathologia. 2005 Apr;159(3):393-400.
Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 600007,
India.
Thirty-six, twenty-eight-day-old broiler
chicks were randomly distributed into three
groups of 12 birds each. Two groups were fed
diets containing 10 ppm cyclopiazonic acid
and 1ppm T-2 toxin, respectively, to
determine the mechanism of cell death in
spleen and thymus at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h of
post-treatment. The other group served as
control. T-2 toxin treated group showed
significant (P < 0.01) induction of
apoptosis in thymus with peak induction at
24 h post-treatment where as, no significant
differences were observed between the
control and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) groups.
The cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) toxin treated
group showed significant (P < 0.01)
induction of apoptosis in spleen with peak
induction at 24 h post-treatment. No
significant differences were observed
between the control and T-2 toxin group even
though the latter showed a slight increase
in the quantity of apoptotic cells at 36 h
post-treatment in spleen. The semi-thin
sections stained with toluidine blue from
the spleen of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)
treated group exhibited crescent margination
of chromatin against the nuclear envelope
and shrinkage of lymphoid cells without any
surrounding inflammation, the
characteristics of apoptosis. The apoptotic
thymocytes from T-2 fed birds appeared
shrunken with condensed nucleus and showed
crescent margination of chromatin against
the nuclear envelope without any surrounding
inflammation when compared with well-defined
nuclei with dispersed chromatin in normal
thymocytes. Ultrastructurally, splenocytes
of the cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) treated
group and thymocytes of the T-2 toxin
treated birds showed apoptotic bodies
characterized by crescent margination of the
chromatin against the nuclear envelope. The
study indicates that one route of the
cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and T-2 toxin
induced cell death in lymphoid organs of
broiler chicken is by apoptosis.
PMID: 15883725
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